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According to the most recent information available form the Interior Ministry, in about fifty Belarusian women were deported from foreign countries in for practicing prostitution. Beloozyorsk was the only town where opposition candidates secured a majority during the March local elections, and the only town to hold bi-elections. In some cases, the information gained Prostitutes Volkovysk interrogations conducted without counsel was used against the defendant in court.

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Handjob massage ,Sex dating ,Sluts Montenegro. Find a fuck ,Sexual massage ,Escort Philippines. Since judges were dependent on the Ministry of Justice for sustaining court infrastructure and on local executive branch officials for providing their personal housing, there were widespread and credible reports that executive and local authorities dictated the Prostitutes Volkovysk of trials to the courts. Defendants have the legal right to attend proceedings, confront witnesses, and present evidence on their own behalf; however, in practice these rights were not always respected.

The law provides for unlimited access to legal counsel for detainees and that the court appoint one for those who cannot afford a lawyer; however, at times these rights were not respected. A presidential decree subordinates all lawyers to the Ministry of Justice, which controls the licensing of lawyers; therefore, the bar association also was to a considerable extent under Ministry of Justice MOJ control. According to Prostitutes Volkovysk legal experts and human rights monitors, the decree seriously compromised Prostitutes Volkovysk independence of Prostitutes Volkovysk from the authorities.

Several lawyers claimed that they were told they would not receive licenses because of their activities in non-governmental organizations NGOs or political parties. Article 62 of the Constitution provides for the right to freely Prostitutes Volkovysk legal representation; however, Presidential Decree number 13 prohibits members of NGOs from representing individuals other than members of their organizations in court. This decree was used on several occasions during the year to deny NGO members Prostitutes Volkovysk right to defend individuals in court and was also used as a pretext to close certain NGOs see Section 4.

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On April 28, a court in Mogilev refused to permit Barys Bukhel of the human rights NGO Vyasna to represent an individual in Prostitutes Volkovysk civil trial, despite the fact that he was acting as a private citizen. The Constitution establishes a presumption of innocence; however, in practice defendants frequently had to prove their innocence. Prostitutes Volkovysk to statistics, the latest available, from the Belarusian Helsinki Committee, criminal charges were brought by prosecutors against 59, individuals.

Of these, onlyor fewer than 0. Both defendants and prosecutors have the right to appeal court decisions, and most criminal cases were appealed; however, appeals rarely resulted in reversals of verdicts. In an appeal, neither defendants nor witnesses appear before the Prostitutes Volkovysk the court merely reviews the protocol and other documents from the lower court's trial. Throughout the year, anti-government protestors arrested after demonstrations were subjected to assembly-line style trials, often without opportunity to exercise their right to Prostitutes Volkovysk or the opportunity to present evidence or call witnesses see Section 2.

There were no reports of political prisoners; however, authorities continued to use administrative measures to detain political activists before, during, and after protests. Arbitrary Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence The Constitution prohibits such actions; however, these rights were not respected in practice.

The interception of telephone and other communications without a court order Prostitutes Volkovysk prohibited; however, in practice authorities continued to monitor residences, telephones, and computers. The KGB, MVD, and certain border guard detachments may use wiretaps, but under Prostitutes Volkovysk law they must obtain a prosecutor's permission before installing them; however, the KGB entered homes, conducted unauthorized searches, and read mail without warrants.

The prosecutor's office exercised Prostitutes Volkovysk independence from the Government, effectively rendering the due process protections regarding wiretaps meaningless.

The Prostitutes Volkovysk Offenses Code provides penalties for Prostitutes Volkovysk who obstruct KGB officers in the performance of Prostitutes Volkovysk duties. Any effort to prevent KGB officers from entering the premises of a company, establishment, or organization is an administrative offense, as is any refusal by such entities to allow audits or to deny or restrict access to company information systems and databases.

Contracts used by the Ministry of Communications for supplying telephone service prohibit subscribers from using telephone communications for purposes that run counter to state interests and Prostitutes Volkovysk order. The Ministry has the authority to terminate telephone service to those who breach this provision; however, there were no reports during the year that the Ministry exercised this authority.

In most circumstances, night searches are prohibited; however, on the night of February 15, ten Prostitutes Volkovysk police officers searched the apartment Prostitutes Volkovysk Valery Levonevsky after he returned Prostitutes Volkovysk a meeting to plan a series of demonstrations. The officers seized some printed material concerning a presidential decree regulating small business. Levonevsky Prostitutes Volkovysk the authorities refused to give him a copy of the search warrant.

Unknown intruders broke into the offices of several prominent Prostitutes Volkovysk members and Prostitutes Volkovysk rights NGO. Unknown intruders broke into the apartment of Vasily Golovatskikh, an opposition deputy in Novopolotsk. Papers were scattered and property was damaged but nothing was taken, according to Golovatskikh.

Human rights groups widely believed that members of security services perpetrated these break-ins. Nearly Prostitutes Volkovysk opposition political figures reported that authorities monitored their activities and conversations; the Government did nothing to refute these reports.

Representatives of certain NGOs also said that their conversations and correspondence were monitored routinely by the security services.

The Procurator General declined to investigate charges of illegal Prostitutes Volkovysk brought by members of the opposition. The Presidential Guard or security service reportedly continued to conduct surveillance activities of the President's political opponents.

There was no judicial or legislative oversight of Prostitutes Volkovysk Presidential Guard's budget or activities, and the executive branch repeatedly thwarted attempts to exercise such oversight. Some officials were themselves monitored. Militia officers assigned to stand outside diplomatic missions were known to keep records of visits by political opposition leaders. On March 6, a panel of Minsk City Court judges threw out a complaint by Prostitutes Volkovysk Civic Party leader Anatoly Lebedko over his detention; plainclothes officers who refused to identify themselves forcibly detained Lebedko near a Prostitutes Volkovysk Embassy.

The officers drove him Prostitutes Volkovysk the KGB headquarters and issued him a formal warning that he would be charged with treason Prostitutes Volkovysk he did not cease his contacts with foreigners.

Some opposition figures expressed reluctance to visit foreign embassies due to fear of reprisals. Harassment in the form of inspections by security officials and confiscation Prostitutes Volkovysk political literature, often without warrants, was widespread. Targets included opposition candidates and their supporters. On September 30, customs officials searched the vehicle of Valery Frolov and Vladimir Parfenovich, members of the parliamentary opposition group Respublika, as it crossed the border from Lithuania.

As Members of Parliament, both Frolov and Parfenovich claimed they enjoyed immunity from such searches, though such immunity is not outlined in the law. The director of the State Customs Committee stated that he ordered the search and claimed that at the state border there were no immune persons, and that he would search any vehicle he deemed necessary.

On March 23, the wife and 7-year-old son of Viacheslav Sivchik were detained prior to a protest in which Viacheslav Sivchik participated. This was considered a move to pressure Sivchik not to participate in the protest.

There were credible reports that the trials of Alexandr Chigir on charges of car theft and assisting in car hijacking were related to the political activity of his father, former Prime Minister Mikhail Chigir.

Human rights Prostitutes Volkovysk widely believed that his 6-year sentence was disproportionate Prostitutes Volkovysk the allegations of wrongdoing. On May 16, authorities brought new charges against Mikhail Chigir, claiming that there was new information on Chigir's illegal activity; the trial was suspended and no further action had been taken by year's end. Section 2 Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: a. Freedom of Speech and Press Both the and Constitutions provide for freedom of speech as well as the freedom to receive, retain, and Prostitutes Volkovysk information; however, the Prostitutes Volkovysk restricted these rights in practice.

Laws and decrees restrict freedom of expression by limiting citizens' use of symbols and words on posters and by overly broad interpretation of libel laws Prostitutes Volkovysk restrict criticism of government officials and activities.

During the year, the Government engaged in an apparently calculated campaign to restrict media freedom. The Government continued to make use of its monopoly on television broadcasting to present biased news coverage and to minimize the presentation of opposing points of view. On September 9, President Lukashenko called upon mass media to be used Prostitutes Volkovysk an instrument for promoting a pro-government state ideology see Section 3. The executive branch continued its suppression of freedom of speech.

A Prostitutes Volkovysk decree prohibits a range of broadly defined activities and limits freedom of expression. The decree prohibits individuals from carrying placards or flags bearing emblems that are not Prostitutes Volkovysk registered with the State, as well as emblems, symbols, and posters that intend to harm the State and public order or rights and legal interests of the citizens.

The decree also prohibits activities that demean state authorities. This decree was used to prosecute and fine those carrying symbols emphasizing the country's independence, such as Prostitutes Volkovysk pre-Lukashenko red and white flag.

Throughout the year, authorities fined, warned, or jailed members of the media, members of opposition and religious groups, and others who publicly criticized the Government.

The defamation law makes no distinction between private and public persons in lawsuits concerning defamation of character.

A public figure who was criticized for poor performance in office by a media outlet may ask the prosecutor to sue both the journalist and media outlet that printed the criticism. The authorities undertook numerous actions during the year intended to hamper the opposition media. These included the continued use of: Libel laws, limitations on foreign funding, Prostitutes Volkovysk on businesses not to advertise with independent media, limitations on access to newsprint and printing presses, censorship, restrictions on the import of media-related materials, temporary suspension of independent and Prostitutes Volkovysk periodicals, and detention of those distributing such material.

The newspapers and other print media with the largest circulation were state-owned, although there also were a number of independent publications, some of which were critical of the Government.

Independent newspapers were available widely in Minsk, but outside of the capital, variety was limited to the state-run national newspaper and local newspapers, only some of which were independent. All nationally available radio and television broadcasts originating in the country were government-owned, although some broadcasts from Prostitutes Volkovysk countries, including Russia, Poland, and Lithuania, could be received in many parts of the Prostitutes Volkovysk. The two state-run television networks ONT and Belarusian Television were the only ones to broadcast nationwide.

Both regularly featured reporting that was biased heavily in Prostitutes Volkovysk of the Government, sharply critical of opposition politicians and organizations, and failed to provide an outlet for opposing viewpoints.

In October, a third state-owned television station, LAD, was established that broadcast to over half of the country, using a channel formerly used by the popular Russian television network Kultura and other Russian state television channels. Local, independent television Prostitutes Volkovysk operated in some areas and reported local news relatively unhindered by the authorities; however, most of these stations reported that they were under pressure not to report on national level Prostitutes Volkovysk or were subject to censorship.

All foreign media correspondents are required to register with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. There were no known instances of journalists denied registration during the year.

One participant was sentenced to days' imprisonment, while two received warnings.

Unlike inthere were no incidents in which the independent journalists were beaten. There was no indication that the authorities would investigate or prosecute those responsible for the beatings in of Oleg Suprunyuk, Yuri Grimenyuk, or Stanislav Pochobut. On November 29, police detained eight opposition activists for distributing a questionnaire for a street poll about a possible referendum to enable President Lukashenko to run for a third presidential term.

The detained activists, including prominent opposition politician Lyudmila Gryaznova, were charged with distributing unregistered print materials. None of the other activists appeared at their trials, and at year's end, did not encounter any other legal problems.

In September, the Government released the text of a draft media law that would require media outlets, including Internet outlets, to reregister with the Government, refute any information considered false and libelous, and stipulate that journalists may be stripped of their accreditation should they publish such information.

The draft law also includes provisions that severely limit the provision of international financial assistance to media outlets, prevents media outlets from publishing materials from unregistered organizations, and requires journalists to "truthfully" report in their articles. During the year, the Government refused all attempts to engage in public discussion of the draft law, which was not discussed during the fall parliamentary session.

In April, Novikova received a 2-year suspended Prostitutes Volkovysk for distributing leaflets critical of Lukashenko at a metro station. By year's end, Novokiva faced additional charges after holding similar demonstrations on November 24 and December The Government's use of presidential decrees was another obstacle for independent press. A presidential decree "On Improving the System of Receipt and Use of Humanitarian Assistance," allegedly aimed at stopping foreign-supported seditious activity, specifically prohibits foreign-supported activities directed at alteration of the constitutional order, overthrow of state power, or encouragement of such activities; preparation, administration, and organization of Prostitutes Volkovysk, referenda, organization of meetings, rallies, demonstrations, pickets, strikes, publication, and distribution of promotional materials, organization of seminars, and other types of promotional activities involving the population.

The decree was the basis for a nationwide crackdown during Prostitutes Volkovysk electoral campaign on independent media outlets and independent NGOs, many, if not most, of which were Prostitutes Volkovysk by the international community. The Government utilized tax inspections, safety inspections, and confiscation of printed matter and equipment to immobilize much of the pro-democratic opposition throughout the campaign, thus severely restricting freedoms of speech and expression see Section 1.

On May 28, local authorities in Borisov ordered state-owned stores to stop the sale of all publications that did not have a special license. Independent newspapers complained that the Prostitutes Volkovysk of obtaining such Prostitutes Volkovysk, which require the approval of 20 local agencies, was difficult Prostitutes Volkovysk expensive. Authorities continued to pressure independent newspapers.

The law specifies that the Government may close down a publication after two warnings. Prostitutes Volkovysk provisions grant authorities power to ban and censor critical reporting; for example, the State Committee on the Press was given authority to suspend the publication of periodicals or newspapers for 3 months without a court ruling. Amendments to the law prohibit the media from disseminating information on behalf of political parties, trade unions, and NGOs that are not registered with the MOJ.

On May 28, the Ministry of Information suspended the popular independent newspaper Belaruskaya Delovaya Gazeta BDG after giving the newspaper two warnings for articles critical of the Government. Prostitutes Volkovysk articles reported Prostitutes Volkovysk the use of President Lukashenko's personal airplane by a Russian model who had visited Lukashenko and provided information about the trials of Mikhail Leonov, former director Prostitutes Volkovysk the Minsk Tractor Factory, and Viktor Kazeko, former President of the Belarusian State Food Industry Concern.

The Government allowed BDG to Prostitutes Volkovysk publishing and distribution activities in August; however, BDG was unable to find a printing press in the country willing to print the newspaper Prostitutes Volkovysk was forced to use a printing press in Russia. Following BDG's suspension, the Government undertook what appeared to be a systematic campaign to punish any entity that printed or published BDG articles through suspensions, fines, personnel dismissals, and deprivation of access to printing presses.

Actions included the June Prostitutes Volkovysk suspensions of Prostitutes Volkovysk independent trade union paper, Solidarnasts, the independent newspaper Navinki, and the newspaper Echo, all of which had provided space for BDG's articles.

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Vladimir Telesh, the director of the printing press that printed Solidarnasts, Navinki, and Ekho was fired from Prostitutes Volkovysk position for his "failure to meet the provisions of the contract in accordance with the existing law.

On July 22, a state-run printing house in Slonim refused to continue printing the independent newspaper Mestnaya Gazeta Shag after it began Prostitutes Volkovysk BDG's articles in its paper. After their suspensions ended, none of these newspapers were able to secure contracts Prostitutes Volkovysk local printing presses. On September 23, the Minsk Regional Economic Court upheld a decision by the Minsk Oblast Executive Committee to liquidate Mestnoye Vremya Press Ltd, the owner of the independent newspaper Mestnoye Vremya, allegedly for failing to Prostitutes Volkovysk notification of the company's change of address and charter.

The decision was made despite the fact that in April, the Minsk City Economic Court had overruled the decision and ordered the restoration of the company's registration. Ulan was stripped of his status as an individual entrepreneur. Prostitutes Volkovysk the court's ruling, the Prostitutes Volkovysk branch of the Belarusian Language Society published the newspaper until July, when Ulan's wife took over as publisher of the newspaper.

On October 2, the Ministry of Information suspended publication of the newspaper for up to 3 months alleging that Ulan's wife had no right to engage in publishing activities, despite existing Prostitutes Volkovysk that allows individuals and legal entities to publish newspapers.

The decision was made despite the fact that Ulan's wife also had successfully defeated attempts by local authorities to deny her registeration as an individual entrepreneur, which granted her the right to engage in newspaper publication. Prostitutes Volkovysk November, Ulan's wife filed a lawsuit in the Grodno regional economic court against the local authorities' Prostitutes Volkovysk against her. The case Prostitutes Volkovysk then transferred to the Supreme Economic Court.

On December 24, police detained a minibus carrying 5, issues of the independent newspaper Mestnaya Gazeta. Romulad Ulan and the driver were forced to go to the Prostitutes Volkovysk station but were released 2 hours later when police were unable to find any legal violations. On December 26, police sealed the newspaper's offices after fire safety officials determined that the fire safety code violations found on December 23 had not been rectified.

However, fire safety officials in Grodno later determined that the local fire safety officials had exceeded their Prostitutes Volkovysk and the offices were unsealed on December On July 28, the Ministry of Information annulled the registration of the independent newspaper Den, because the newspaper had not published Prostitutes Volkovysk 1 year of its last issue. On August 26, the Ministry of Prostitutes Volkovysk revoked its annulment after it became aware that the newspaper Prostitutes Volkovysk published an issue of the paper within the past year.

Despite being allowed to resume publication, Den was unable to secure an agreement with printing presses to publish the newspaper. On November 27, the Presidential Administration successfully insisted that as a condition of President Lukashenko's appearance on a Prostitutes Volkovysk live debate on a Russian television show called Freedom of Speech, the station remove Prostitutes Volkovysk representatives of independent media and civil society from the list of intended participants.

On December 27, BSTRC granted the state-owned news agency BelTa the exclusive right to distribute weekly television listings through media outlets starting January 1, The decision, made by the Presidential Administration, raised fears among independent newspapers that they will be denied access to these listings and may face a decline in readership of their newspapers.

Arbitrary Arrest, Detention, and Exile The law places limits on arbitrary detention; however, security forces continued to arrest and detain citizens arbitrarily.

The independent press is prohibited by presidential decree from using the country's name in its titles. The decree on "the Use by Legal Prostitutes Volkovysk of the Name of the Republic" allows only legal entities specially authorized by the President to use the name of the Prostitutes Volkovysk in Prostitutes Volkovysk titles. Another presidential decree declares all editors-in-chief of state-supported newspapers to be state employees and members of their respective local-level government councils.

Another decree grants Prostitutes Volkovysk Ministry of Press the authority to assign graduates of Prostitutes Volkovysk journalism schools to work in state-owned media organizations as a way to repay their schooling.

Beginning on June 7, all radio stations were required to forward copies of the news stories and play Prostitutes Volkovysk they had broadcast to the Ministry of Information. On January 2, the SCC seized audio and video recording equipment from the Prostitutes Volkovysk of the Belarusian Union of Filmmakers that was donated by a Russian company Prostitutes Volkovysk the grounds that the organization improperly prepared documents proving ownership and customs clearance of Prostitutes Volkovysk equipment.

After the Government issued a decree in transferring responsibility Prostitutes Volkovysk registering electronic media from the Ministry of Communications to the Prostitutes Volkovysk of Information, all electronic media outlets were required to reregister with the Ministry of Information.

According to the Belarusian Association of Journalists, the authorities did not reject any Prostitutes Volkovysk applications from electronic media outlets. Prostitutes Volkovysk law allows for punishment of Prostitutes Volkovysk insults or libel against the President by up to 4 years Prostitutes Volkovysk prison, 2 years of khimya detention in internal exileor by a Prostitutes Volkovysk fine.

The authorities also continued to make use of the articles in the Criminal Code that Prostitutes Volkovysk slandering and insulting the President or officials to stifle press freedom. The Criminal Code provides for a maximum penalty of 5 years' imprisonment for such offenses. According to the Belarusian Association of Journalists BAJ President Zhana Litvina, the laws penalizing slander of officials effectively imposed a ban on press criticism of the Government.

On September 2, the Constitutional Court, in response to a BAJ petition in July, asked the National Assembly for clarification of these articles, and suggested adding a clause decriminalizing criticism of officials if it does not defame or dishonor them, or use offensive language.

However, the National Assembly took no action by year's end. In March, Nikolai Markevich, editor in chief of the opposition Prostitutes Volkovysk Pahonia, and Pahonia journalist Pavel Mozheiko were released from their respective detention facilities in Osipovichi and Zhlobin.

They were sentenced to 2. In December, Viktor Ivashkevich, editor-in-chief of the opposition newspaper Rabochi, was released--his sentence was reduced from 2 years to 1 year. The journalists all qualified for early release based upon normal practice.

On February 24, the Ministry of Information ordered the opposition newspaper Vcherny Stolin to suspend its printing activities for 3 months for alleged "flagrant violations" of the law, inciting social intolerance, and publishing classified material about a police investigation into corruption in the local government without permission.

The Ministry also cited the newspaper's failure to properly report that the newspaper Prostitutes Volkovysk switching the focus of its reporting from economic issues to political issues. On March 8, following Vcherny Stolin's suspension, Alexander Ignatyuk, editor-in-chief of Vcherny Prostitutes Volkovysk, launched another newspaper, Provintsialka, which continued to Prostitutes Volkovysk critical reporting of local officials.

On April 18, the Ministry of Information suspended Provintsialka for 3 months on the grounds that Provintsialka exceeded its advertising limit. The Ministry of Information gave Vcherny Stolin permission to resume publishing so that Ignatyuk could generate income to pay his fines. Publication was resumed Prostitutes Volkovysk April. In addition to the March 8 fine, local officials who were accused Prostitutes Volkovysk corruption and abuse of power sued Ignatyuk on three other occasions during the year.

On November 17, a Minsk Prostitutes Volkovysk Appeals Court panel levied heavy libel fines against the country's largest daily independent newspaper Narodnaya Volya and two journalists for an article written 2 years ago. The appellate court increased the amount of damages three Prostitutes Volkovysk five times over what a lower court previously levied against the newspaper and the journalists. It made this decision Prostitutes Volkovysk spite of the regional prosecutor's legal opinion that the fine far exceeded the damages suffered by the complainant.

In response to Khalip's articles about official investigations into the alleged corrupt business practices of Viktor Kozeko, the former head of a Prostitutes Volkovysk state-owned food concern, Belgospisheprom, and his son.

At year's end, no further developments had occurred. On June 28, the Ministry of Interior expelled Pavel Selin, a journalist with the Russian television station NTV and banned him from returning to the country for 5 years. The expulsion order came following Selin's reporting Prostitutes Volkovysk the June 25 funeral of the prominent Belarusian writer Vasili Bykov.

Selin's report described police efforts to interrupt Bykov's funeral procession, the refusal of officials to participate in the funeral along with opposition figures, and Bykov's wife's problems in obtaining residential registration.

At year's end, NTV did not issue an apology and its Minsk office remained closed. Prior to the March 2 local elections, on February 6, one radio station in Vitebsk denied a local opposition candidate the opportunity to address radio listeners on a radio program, although Prostitutes Volkovysk other candidates were able to do so.

According to the BAJ, independent newspapers in the provinces engaged in self-censorship. During a March visit to Orsha, Culture Minister Leonid Guliaka ordered the removal of several opposition and independent newspapers including Narodnaya Volya and BDG from a local library because "damaging opposition press has no business in a cultural center.

On July 6, officials from the Ministry of Culture and the Minsk City Executive Committee ordered the removal of a painting by Alexei Marochkin at an art exhibit marking the th anniversary Prostitutes Volkovysk the coronation of Grand Duke Minduah, the founder of the Prostitutes Volkovysk Duchy of Lithuania. The painting depicted a critical comparison between Lukashenko and Duke Minduah. Although there were several Internet service providers in the country, they were all state controlled.

The Government's monopoly on Internet service resulted in high prices, poor quality, limited service, and allowed the Government to monitor practically all e-mail. Unlike in previous years, there were no confirmed instances of authorities selectively cutting Prostitutes Volkovysk Internet access. In June, hackers attacked a Prostitutes Volkovysk that posted a copy of a book critical of President Lukashenko. In Prostitutes Volkovysk to restrictions placed on the media, the Government continued to restrict academic freedom.

University administrators targeted and strongly discouraged research into politically sensitive subjects, such as the country's independence movement during the Soviet Prostitutes Volkovysk, a theme that is seen to challenge the Government's policy of integration with Russia see Section 1.

All independent, non-state, academic institutions are required to obtain special permission from the authorities to hold educational seminars or lectures. There were also Prostitutes Volkovysk reports that independent universities engaged in self-censorship.

Prostitutes Volkovysk to President Lukashenko, educational institutions are to serve as the centers of promoting the new state ideology, with teachers to become "active Prostitutes Volkovysk.

The Government also continued to harass students engaged in anti-government activities, such as demonstrations see Section 2. In at least one instance, the university's administration warned students at Belarusian State Technology University that they would be deprived of their benefits and stipends if they did not join the BRYM.

During the year, government efforts to close educational institutions that promoted Belarusian and Jewish studies led many in these respective groups to believe that the Government sought to prevent teaching in Prostitutes Volkovysk Belarusian language and the teaching of Judaica see Sections 2.

Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association The and Constitutions both provide for freedom of peaceful assembly; however, the Prostitutes Volkovysk severely restricted this right in practice.

Following many unsanctioned demonstrations, police and other security officials beat, detained, and attempted to coerce confessions from some demonstrators. Organizers must apply at least 15 days in advance to local officials for permission to conduct a demonstration, rally, or meeting. Under the law, the local government must Prostitutes Volkovysk with a decision no later than 5 days prior to Prostitutes Volkovysk scheduled event.

However, such permits were not routinely issued during the year. Beginning with the September elections, most permits either have Prostitutes Volkovysk been granted or have been granted only for demonstrations in obscure, hard-to-reach locations.

On August 29, a law on demonstrations took effect that further Prostitutes Volkovysk citizens' ability to assemble peacefully, and allows the Prostitutes Volkovysk to close any organization after a single violation of the law. The new law was intended to codify a Presidential decree that banned demonstrations Prostitutes Volkovysk unregistered organizations, limited participation to under 1, persons, and prohibited the wearing of masks and use of unregistered flags, symbols, and placards bearing messages deemed threatening to the state or public order see Section 2.

According to members of opposition parties, authorities frequently denied permission to opposition groups to meet in public buildings. Nevertheless, public Prostitutes Volkovysk occurred frequently in Minsk, varying in size from a few participants to several thousand. However, they were always under strict surveillance by the authorities, including open videotaping of the participants by the police and plainclothes security officers. Demonstrations also occurred in other parts of the country although less frequently, particularly in eastern areas close to the border with Russia.

On February 14, police broke up an opposition march that was attended by 50 persons and organized by the unregistered youth movement Malady Front. On February 17, five members of Malady Front, including Malady Front leader Pavel Severinets, were sentenced to 5 to 15 days' imprisonment. Following the March 12 "People's March for a Prostitutes Volkovysk Life" demonstration, authorities arrested and convicted several of its Prostitutes Volkovysk.

During a March 23 demonstration marking the anniversary of the foundation of the Belarusian National Republic, police arrested approximately 50 persons including Belarusian Popular Front leaders Vintsuk Vyachorka and BPF activist Vladimir Kishkurnko, as well as members of other opposition parties.

Many were released after a few hours, but 23 were convicted of participating in an Prostitutes Volkovysk rally, and 10 of those convicted, including Vyachorka, Kishkurno, and Vyacheslav Sivchiuk, were sentenced to up to 15 days' imprisonment; 6 participants were heavily fined; and 7 received warnings. Valentin Prostitutes Volkovysk, an organizer of the March 23 demonstration, was Prostitutes Volkovysk to 14 days' imprisonment.

Baranov had received a day sentence on March 24, and again on April 25, for his involvement in the March 23 demonstration. After the trial, Baranov, complaining of Prostitutes Volkovysk health, was hospitalized and his sentence was cancelled. However, his case was subsequently returned to court, which reintroduced the charges against him. On April 3, police detained approximately 15 members of the unregistered youth movement Zubr after they held an unsanctioned demonstration outside of a foreign embassy in Minsk in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

One participant was sentenced to days' imprisonment, while two received warnings. A fourth person, Tatyana Yelovaya, went into hiding and was sentenced in absentia to 10 days imprisonment. On June 18, Yelovaya was arrested at her university after she finished taking her final exams. On June 20, Yelovaya was rushed to a hospital and underwent medical treatment after developing an infection while in detention.

After receiving treatment, Prostitutes Volkovysk was released from the hospital and went into hiding. At year's end, Yelovaya remained in hiding. Prostitutes Volkovysk October 1, Anatoly Shumchenko, leader of the Perspectiva business association, was arrested and sentenced to 5 days imprisonment for his involvement in organizing a September 3 demonstration in front Prostitutes Volkovysk a Minsk district administration building to protest the city authority's pressure on kiosk owners.

On October Prostitutes Volkovysk, Alexander Prostitutes Volkovysk, leader Prostitutes Volkovysk the Belarusian Union of Automobile and Agricultural Implement Workers, was sentenced to Prostitutes Volkovysk days' imprisonment for attempting to demonstrate against increased government violations of workers rights in downtown Minsk see Section 6.

On November 10, Artur Finkevich, a member of the unregistered youth organization Malady Prostitutes Volkovysk, was detained for distributing leaflets promoting a November 24 demonstration that ostensibly lacked required publication information. After being released on November 11, Finkevich was again arrested on November 12 for distributing similar leaflets and was sentenced to 15 days' imprisonment.

After completing his term, Finkevich was immediately tried for his November 10 arrest and was sentenced to 15 days' imprisonment. On November 24, 17 persons were arrested in downtown Minsk Prostitutes Volkovysk participating in an unauthorized demonstrating against possible plans to hold a referendum to allow President Lukashenko to run for president a third time.

Prostitutes Volkovysk of those arrested were sentenced to 15 days imprisonment and another demonstrator was sentenced to 5 days imprisonment. Twelve minors who were detained during the demonstration were released. Most of those released ignored subpoenas to appear before court.

On December Prostitutes Volkovysk, Gomel oblast authorities prohibited the Belarusian Party of Communists from staging demonstrations throughout the oblast to protest a sharp rise in utility rates in the oblast.

On December 20, approximately 20 members of the unregistered youth organization Zubr held an unsanctioned outdoor vigil to mark the death of Andrei Zaitsev, a former member of Zubr, who committed suicide in after alleging that the KGB attempted to recruit Prostitutes Volkovysk.

On December 22, a Gomel court sentenced five members of Zubr to 5 days' imprisonment for participating in the event. Unlike in previous years, there were no reports that police beating demonstrators during protests. However, there were reports that police violently pulled demonstrators to police vans as they were detaining demonstrators. The Constitution provides for freedom of association; however, authorities severely restricted this right in practice.

During the pre-election period inthe authorities regularly harassed members and supporters of opposition parties and confiscated leaflets and publications see Section 3. Authorities also continued to attempt to impose severe limitations on the activities of NGOs see Section 4.

During the year, the unregistered Association of Belarusian Students reported that members of the organization, like other students, were pressured to join the government organized Belarusian Republican Youth Movement.

Employees at state-run Prostitutes Volkovysk were discouraged from joining independent trade unions see Section 6. According to the law, NGOs, political parties, and trade unions are required to register with authorities and it is illegal to work with an unregistered NGO. Presidential decree 24, issued on November 28, stipulates that international assistance can be granted to, or accepted by, an organization that is registered with the Ministry of Economy.

Interim activities that had previously been Prostitutes Volkovysk while registration Prostitutes Volkovysk pending are now prohibited. The new decree would essentially freeze the activities of foreign-sponsored NGOs for as long as the reregistration process was prolonged.

Decree 24 also specifies that Prostitutes Volkovysk local body that receives "illegal" foreign aid, including from an unregistered NGO, be closed after just one violation. Private organizations are prohibited by regulation from using private residences as their legal addresses. In light of government control or ownership of many office buildings, the regulations had the effect of complicating the reregistration process by making nonresidential addresses difficult to establish.

After the reregistration process had begun, the authorities announced that in addition to registering, organizations would have to alter their charters to indicate recognition of the Constitution and to exclude the words "popular" or "national" from their titles.

Inan amendment to the Law on Public Associations codified this announcement by prohibiting political and social organizations from using the words "Belarus," "Republic of Belarus," "national," or "popular" in their titles.

Although most of the major political parties and unions that applied were allowed to reregister, the Assembly of Belarusian Pro-democratic NGOs reported that only 1, or 57 percent, of the NGOs in existence when the reregistration law went into effect, were reregistered by the summer of The MOJ rejected a total of NGOs for reregistration on various grounds, and 31 were in the process of reregistering at year's end.

According to statistics from the MOJ, during the year regional branches of trade unions, regional branches Prostitutes Volkovysk social associations, and regional branches of political parties were registered. The same statistics indicate that the MOJ liquidated 51 NGOs, many of which have been actively involved in promoting civil society and human rights. According to one human rights NGO, Prostitutes Volkovysk of the organizations that were registered during the year dealt with sports and entrepreneurial interests and none of the registered organizations promoted civil society.

During the year, the MOJ challenged the registration of several opposition parties and NGOs over their legal addresses. These organizations were unable to obtain space in office buildings since many locations were either owned by the Government or were Prostitutes Volkovysk expensive. Instead, they must operate out of private apartments that the Government did not consider legal Prostitutes Volkovysk. The Assembly, the Prostitutes Volkovysk largest NGO umbrella organization, complained that it had applied for registration in Aprilbut the MOJ decided the matter only on October 14 the law requires that the MOJ render a decision in 1 month.

The MOJ argued that the organization had provided an incorrect address in its founding documents and that several of Prostitutes Volkovysk constituent associations were dissolved while the MOJ was considering the application. Ales Belyatsky, one of the organization's founders, said that the organization would continue functioning without registration, as it has been doing for the past 5 years.

On October 16, Justice Minister Viktor Golovanov said that recent closures of NGOs were part of his agency's "purposeful work" to enforce the law on Prostitutes Volkovysk third sector.

He denied that the NGOs were closed by the order from a higher authority. Golovanov said that the MOJ's "purposeful work" was also targeted at courts, notary publics, and political parties.

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Prostitutes Volkovysk October 28, the Vyasna Human Rights Center was liquidated after the MOJ accused the organization of forging signatures of its members as it was reregistering. In addition, Vyasna was charged with failure to collect dues from Vyasna members, and representing non-Vyasna members in court. Although Vyasna successfully refuted the Ministry of Justice's charges, the court nevertheless liquidated Vyasna based upon a warning Vyasna received during its observation Prostitutes Volkovysk the presidential elections.

On October 21, the Ministry of Justice refused to register the Belarusian Democratic Party, founded by Valentina Polevikova, former Chairwoman of the Belarusian Women's Party, ostensibly on the grounds that the Prostitutes Volkovysk would not be able to fulfill its party program of securing the interests of families and women.

The Ministry of Justice noted that the Prostitutes Volkovysk of men among the 1, members of the party prevented the party from being able to achieve its goals. On October 23, the Lower House of Parliament announced that the parliamentary faction Respublika faction was formally liquidated. The faction, which was pro-democratic, had only 6 members rather than the required They vowed to continue their activities despite the ban and death threats members have received.

On November 11, the Supreme Court liquidated the Association of Young Entrepreneurs for irregularities during Prostitutes Volkovysk registration process in The NGO focused on education activities, published a bulletin, and provided legal counsel to young persons involved in small businesses.

The organization Prostitutes Volkovysk its application Prostitutes Volkovysk July The MOJ replied on November 17, more than 3 months after the deadline stipulated by law, that the Young Social Democrats were denied registration because one of the purposes stated in their charter was to Prostitutes Volkovysk political, cultural, Prostitutes Volkovysk universally recognized human values among youth.

Freedom of Religion The and Constitutions provide for freedom of religion; however, the Government restricted this right in practice.

Although both Constitutions affirm the equality of religions and denominations before the law, the Constitution stipulates that cooperation between the state and religious organizations "is regulated with regard for their influence on the formation of spiritual, cultural, and country traditions of the Belarusian people.

The Concordat provides the BOC autonomy in its internal affairs and the ability to fulfill all religious rights, as well as the right to consider itself in a special relationship with the State. It recognizes the BOC's "influence on the formulation of spiritual, cultural, and national traditions of the Belarusian people.

Although it states that the agreement will not limit the religious freedoms of other faiths, the Concordat calls for the Government Prostitutes Volkovysk the Prostitutes Volkovysk to combat unnamed Prostitutes Volkovysk structures that present a danger to individuals and society. The law contains a Prostitutes Volkovysk of very restrictive elements, which observers feared would be used to hinder and to prevent the activities of religious groups other than the BOC.

Under the law, all Prostitutes Volkovysk organizations must undergo compulsory reregistration by Novemberwith specific requirements for membership size and Prostitutes Volkovysk of activity for religious groups.

Government officials stated publicly that no organization that was registered when the law was enacted would lose its registration status even if it failed Prostitutes Volkovysk meet the new criteria, but the leaders of some minority religious groups were skeptical of this assurance.

In addition, the law restricts Prostitutes Volkovysk ability of registered religious organizations to conduct religious Prostitutes Volkovysk, requires all religious groups to receive governmental approval to distribute literature, and prevents foreigners from leading religious organizations. The law effectively prohibits all religious activity by unregistered religious groups. The Government increased its harassment of religious groups based Prostitutes Volkovysk only upon the religion law, but also on directives that provide additional rules and requirements for religious groups that are not outlined in the law.

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According to the Committee Prostitutes Volkovysk Religious and Nationalities Affairs of the Council of Ministers CRNAwhich regulates all religious Prostitutes Volkovysk in the country, 26 religious denominations were officially registered at year's end; however, authorities continued to refuse legal registration at the national level to faiths considered to be nontraditional.

Religious groups that could not register often were forced to meet illegally or in the homes of individual members. In May and June, police broke up three prayer gatherings of the unregistered Hindu religious group "Light of Prostitutes Volkovysk that Prostitutes Volkovysk taking place in private Prostitutes Volkovysk. In one Prostitutes Volkovysk, police forced the group's members to lie on the floor as they conducted a search of the apartment, which resulted in Prostitutes Volkovysk damage.

On January 30, the CRNA issued a document containing methodological recommendations on registering and reregistering religious groups. The recommendations required religious groups to fulfill additional requirements and submit additional information about their groups. Although the CRNA, claimed that these recommendations, which had not been approved by the MOJ, were an internal document, local officials have used them to deny registration to a Church of Scientology religious community in Minsk.

In addition to the religion law, the Prostitutes Volkovysk used several other legislative acts to levy additional requirements on religious groups. Inthe CRNA issued an instruction to oblast authorities requiring them to assess public opinion before the construction or reconfiguration of religious buildings for religious purposes. According to the CRNA, authorities may deny permission for such work if it is opposed by the local population, although this requirement is not established in the law.

Although the Greek Catholic Church is officially registered, it experienced problems with the Government because of historical tensions between the BOC and the Greek Catholic Church's emphasis on the use of the Belarusian language.

On April 18, an article in the state-run newspaper Respublika alleged that a student at a Mogilev school had fallen under the dangerous influence of a Scientologist instructor at school, and that he was Prostitutes Volkovysk from his zombie state after 1-year of psychiatric treatment.

During the year, the government-run newspaper Prostitutes Volkovysk Gazeta continued to publish articles hostile towards Pentecostals in connection with the death of Igor Orlovsky, a Union of Evangelical Faith Christian deacon in the town Prostitutes Volkovysk Starie Dorogi. The articles, which appeared in four issues, continued to allege that the pastor was sacrificed by Evangelical Christians. On April 1, the Minsk City Court upheld a prior district court Prostitutes Volkovysk that Yevgeny Novikov, the host of a television program on which these accusations had been propagated, had defamed Evangelical Christians and ordered Novikov to air an open apology.

Novikov's apology was aired during the June 21 television program Prostitutes Volkovysk Sutnasti. The CRNA claimed that Belarusian Television refused its request to examine the program and advised Protestant groups to take action to pursue their cases in court.

The CRNA further claimed that on June 23, Novikov appeared on television and issued a second apology, for comments made during his June 21 program; however, Protestant groups have stated that no such apology was aired. Despite an October 8 statement by President Lukashenko that the Government should not inhibit activities of the Jewish community, officials continued to take a number of actions indicating a Prostitutes Volkovysk of sensitivity toward the Jewish Prostitutes Volkovysk.

Throughout the year, the Government authorized construction and reburial activity in former Jewish cemeteries in Grodno and Mogilev, which upset local and Prostitutes Volkovysk Jewish organizations. Since January, renovation work has been conducted at a sports stadium in Grodno that was originally built on a former Jewish cemetery. During the course of excavating the earth, workers at the site found human remains, which were removed from the site to be collected for future reburial.

Photographs taken by the Jewish community showed human remains, not only mixed in earth filling dump trucks, but also mixed with earth from the site used to resurface a road. In August, the Governor of Grodno signed an agreement with a national Jewish organization that allowed for the continuation of construction work at the site, so long as such work did not damage underlying soil.

Despite signing the agreement, construction work that could be construed as damaging the underlying soil continued. International and other national Prostitutes Volkovysk groups refused to recognize the agreement, claiming that it allows the Government to continue to desecrate the cemetery. In November, the Governor of Grodno Oblast signed a second agreement with another Jewish leader to excavate human remains that were mixed with earth and paved over at a nearby road.

In June, after intense Prostitutes Volkovysk by the local Jewish community, which appealed to President Lukashenko to intervene, local authorities in Mogilev banned all non-Jewish burials in the city's Jewish cemetery.

Government officials continued to make anti-Semitic comments in the media. For example, in a September 13 Associated Press article Prostitutes Volkovysk the Grodno cemetery and an unsubstantiated claim that local authorities in Mozyr had desecrated Prostitutes Volkovysk Jewish cemetery and site of a Prostitutes Volkovysk to be confirmed self-immolation of local Jews during World War II, Sergei Kostyan, Deputy Chairman of the International Affairs Committee of the lower house of parliament, rejected criticism for the work Prostitutes Volkovysk conducted near a former Jewish cemetery.

Kostyan accused Jews of sowing "ethnic discord," adding "Must we [citizens of Mozyr] leave the city without gas because of Jews? I am not Prostitutes Volkovysk anti-Semite, but Prostitutes Volkovysk suffered no less than the Jews. And now everybody is trying to say that it was Jews that won the war.

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During a November interview with the newspaper Belorusskaya Gazeta, Sergei Kostyan said he opposed attempts to "turn Belarus into a springboard for Zionism. This ruling effectively requires all religious organizations to reregister their properties as religious properties. Government figures from showed that religious communities, including 34 Protestant denominations, registered Prostitutes Volkovysk property through this process; however, authorities continued to Prostitutes Volkovysk permission to many Protestant churches, as well as other nontraditional faiths.

The Government issued a decree specifying measures to ensure public order and safety during public gatherings, and meeting hall Prostitutes Volkovysk cited this decree as a basis for canceling or refusing to extend agreements with religious groups for the Prostitutes Volkovysk of their facilities.

According to the Full Gospel Evangelical Christian Church, Minsk authorities rejected several applications from the Church during the year to rent space at a local meeting hall. Many Protestant and nontraditional religious groups experienced problems obtaining property. There were anecdotal reports that local authorities denied land to Roman Catholic communities to construct churches Prostitutes Volkovysk Brest Oblast.

However, in April, the Minsk City Council lowered the land tax for religious groups and subsequently implemented the Prostitutes Volkovysk to the satisfaction of the Muslim Religious Association that was trying to construct a mosque in Minsk but had been prevented from doing so due to the high tax on land.

Indespite an appeal by the Prostitutes Volkovysk Autocephalous Orthodox Church BAOClocal authorities in the town of Pogranichny demolished the church of the BAOC that they claimed was built illegally, since the building permit specified a private house. Local courts continued to refuse to hear appeals made by the BAOC Prostitutes Volkovysk overturn the Government's decision not to register their churches. Citizens were not prohibited from proselytizing; however, while individuals may speak freely about their religious beliefs, the authorities have intervened to prevent, interfere with, or punish individuals who proselytize on behalf of an unregistered religion.

During the year, the Government heavily fined and detained members of unregistered religious groups that engaged in illegal Prostitutes Volkovysk activity. Police regularly detained, fined, and jailed numerous Hare Krishnas for illegally distributing religious literature. Baptists, Prostitutes Volkovysk, and other Protestants were fined for illegally conducting and Prostitutes Volkovysk religious services. According to the CRNA, convictions for such offenses were based on charges of either disturbing public order or illegally gathering without prior Prostitutes Volkovysk.

The law allows persons to gather to pray in private homes; however, it places restrictions on holding rituals, rites, or ceremonies in such locations and requires permission from local authorities for such events.

Foreign missionaries were not permitted to engage in religious activities outside of the institutions that invited them. The law requires Prostitutes Volkovysk, multiple-entry "spiritual activities" visas for foreign missionaries. According to the CRNA inall visa requests from registered religious Prostitutes Volkovysk were approved. CRNA statistics showed that inover 1, foreigners went to the country to work with domestic religious groups.

The CRNA reported that foreigners came to the country during the year to engage in religious activity, education, and humanitarian assistance activity with registered religious groups; however, religious groups, even those with a long history in the country, continued to experience difficulties in Prostitutes Volkovysk visas.

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You have probably been brought up in a westernised society where you go out clubbing, drink, have girlfriends, lose your virginity before marriage. There were a number of acts of vandalism against religious groups during the year.

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